EMBA 550 MArketing initial post week 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

EMBA 550 MArketing introductory post week 6 - Essay Example arious markets that present or conventional channels don't completely investigate, flexibly chain system frequently requires the foundation of new and numerous channels. â€Å"The utilization of numerous channels may emerge due to legitimate need so as to address client issues or by structure. Different channels empower a maker to offer at least two lines of a similar product through at least two means.† (Ferrel and Hartline, 2010, p. 283). The utilization of at least two dispersion channels for basically a similar item is the thing that establishes double circulation. There are a few impediments that are chaperon to double or different dissemination. One is that additional time, exertion and cash are required in running at least two dissemination channels. Another is the danger of disintermediation, implying that when the organization manages the client, they go up against their customary middle people who are individuals from its flexibly chain, along these lines making a potential wellspring of contention (Ferrel and Hartline, 2011). Now and again, clients who go to physical wholesalers to see the items and pose inquiries, however wind up buying the item on the web. This is out of line for the merchants. Double dispersion isn't new. The U.S. Congress refered to the New York Times (2/16/92, Section F, p. 5) which revealed that 20% of McDonald’s stores are organization worked, and for Taco Bell it is 60% (US Congress, 1992, p. 273). Trademark utilizes double conveyance broadly. Trademark cards essentially sell welcoming cards through Hallmark stores, utilizing particular dispersion. Simultaneously, they additionally sell their Ambassador and Greetings card lines generally through grocery stores, drugstores, and markdown retailers. Beside these, Hallmark offers the two cards and e-cards on the web, which establishes a third channel (Ferrel and Hartline, 2011) Private companies advantage enormously from double appropriation. Shame Shoe Leather and Luggage Repair, a privately-run company situated in Woodmere, Ohio, encountered a 20% expansion in

The History of Concrete and Cement

The History of Concrete and Cement Concrete is a material utilized in building development, comprising of a hard, synthetically idle particulate substance known as a total (normally produced using various sorts of sand and rock), that is fortified together by concrete and water. Totals can incorporate sand, squashed stone, rock, slag, remains, consumed shale, and consumed earth. Fine total (fine alludes to the size of the total particulates) is utilized in making solid chunks and smooth surfaces. Coarse total is utilized for gigantic structures or segments of concrete. Concrete has been around significantly longer than the structure material we perceive as concrete. Concrete in Antiquity Concrete is believed to be more seasoned than mankind itself, having shaped normally 12 million years prior, when consumed limestone responded with oil shale. Solid goes back to in any event 6500 BCE when the Nabatea of what we know now as Syria and Jordan utilized a forerunner of cutting edge cement to construct structures that make due right up 'til the present time. The Assyrians and Babylonians utilized dirt as the holding substance or concrete. The Egyptians utilized lime and gypsum concrete. The Nabateau are thought to have developed an early type of pressure driven solid which solidifies when presented to water-utilizing lime. The reception of concrete as a structure material changed engineering all through the Roman Empire, making potential structures and plans that couldn't have been assembled utilizing only the stone that had been a staple of early Roman design. Out of nowhere, curves and tastefully aspiring design turned out to be a lot simpler to fabricate. The Romans utilized cement to assemble despite everything standing milestones, for example, the Baths, the Colosseum, and the Pantheon. The appearance of the Dark Ages, be that as it may, saw such aesthetic desire decrease close by logical advancement. Truth be told, the Dark Ages saw many created procedures for making and utilizing solid lost. Cement would not step forward until long after the Dark Ages had passed. The Age of Enlightenment In 1756, the British specialist John Smeaton made the principal present day concrete (pressure driven concrete) by including stones as a coarse total and blending fueled block into the concrete. Smeaton built up his new recipe for concrete so as to assemble the third Eddystone Lighthouse, however his advancement drove a gigantic flood in the utilization of cement in present day structures. In 1824, the English creator Joseph Aspdin designed Portland Cement, which has remained the predominant type of concrete utilized in solid creation. Aspdin made the principal genuine fake concrete by consuming ground limestone and dirt together. The consuming procedure changed the concoction properties of the materials and permitted Aspdin to make a more grounded concrete than plain squashed limestone would create. The Industrial Revolution Concrete stepped forward with the consideration of ​embedded metal (typically steel) to shape what’s now called fortified cement or ferroconcrete. Fortified cement was imagined in 1849 by Joseph Monier, who got a patent in 1867. Monier was a Parisian cultivator who made nursery pots and tubs of cement strengthened with an iron work. Strengthened solid joins the ductile or bendable quality of metal and the compressional quality of cement to withstand substantial burdens. Monier showed his development at the Paris Exposition of 1867. Other than his pots and tubs, Monier advanced strengthened cement for use in railroad ties, channels, floors, and curves. Its uses additionally wound up including the principal concrete-fortified extension and gigantic structures, for example, the Hoover and Grand Coulee dams.

The Objectives of Plagiarism and Censorship

The Objectives of Plagiarism and Censorship Hashtag: #SinCensuraVigilantes (Without Vigilant Censorship) The Objectives of Plagiarism and Censorship Restriction is regularly known as concealment of anything shocking while unoriginality forestalls taking and offering different creators thoughts as your own. Oversight is regular in media, films, TV, books, the Internet, etc in light of the fact that they are an incredible vehicle of correspondence that can impact a huge number of individuals. The ability to take part in oversight isn't constrained to the legislature since private associations andâ individuals can be engaged with control. Restriction can be intentional endeavor, for example, self-oversight of your own work (creators, movie executives, and so on.). Not all individuals are content with oversight as it limitations frequently deny individuals of realities, and stifle their opportunity of articulation. Oversight in the print media, for example, paper, books, and so forth enormously lessens the nature of data they convey. Since a morning paper with realistic pictures of setbacks of a deplorable auto crash can incredibly influence their families’ sentiments, the perusing open will just observe the blue-penciled pictures of theâ accident as opposed to the truth of driving excessively quick or being increasingly worried about security. Likewise, oversight of a film portraying the maltreatment and biased acts of government workplaces against a specific ethnic gathering will probably convey only diversion as opposed to truth and strategy change. Unoriginality, then again, is regularly severe on artistic fills in as books, diaries, etc in light of the fact that they are scholarly papers that generally contained thoughts obtained from long periods of careful research. Unquestionably, introducing these thoughts as your own is extortion, devaluation of their difficult work, and break of their scholarly rights. Need to know more? Go here: The Limits of Academic Freedom Instructive Field Trip Safety Issues The Scientific Basis for Defining Seasons Who and What Deserve Respect Torment Is Never Justified The demonstration of unoriginality for the most part happened when an individual composing a paper, for instance, compose the very same words or sentence that the individual read from the source without legitimate reference. It can likewise happen when the essayist recognized an inappropriate writer or utilized copyrighted pictures without authorization. The Similarities of Plagiarism and Censorship A few people consider counterfeiting to be oversight as two unique things living in a whole world. Others consider control to be silencers of profanity and written falsification as eliminators of artistic criminals. Be that as it may, there is a whole other world to them than meets the eye. That is in the event that one would set out observe them in right point of view. Oversight smothers the exposure of shameless and hostile materials. At the end of the day, it keeps individuals from getting any credit from something that is morally and legitimately inadmissible. Correspondingly, restriction keeps individuals from introducing materials that will hurt the pride of those included. For instance, a film totally focused on women’s bareness, a video demonstrating a youthful honest kid mishandled, or an article containing provocative thoughts regarding the prevalence of one man’s shading over the other unquestionably merit restriction. The point here is the way that control, like counterfeiting, is really managing and settling issues a similar way. This is on the grounds that literary theft additionally stifles the exposure of improper composed material that doesn't just contain taken thoughts, with a writer hoping to pick up from another man’s torment yet hostile to the tricked perusers of these tricky scholarly materials.

Romeo and Juliet suffer a number of emotional traumas in the play Essay Example

Romeo and Juliet endure various enthusiastic injuries in the play Essay Romeo and Juliet endure various enthusiastic injuries in the play. Shakespeare utilizes sensational gadgets to build the crowds compassion for their torment and to underline the plays topics. Shakespeare features the poor treatment and absence of regard for ladies in the sixteenth century. He additionally brings up that there is almost no good reason for human clash and that brutality isn't the correct answer. I think the most damaging occasion and one which Shakespeare made most compassion from the crowd for Romeo and Juliet was their demises. Romeo was exiled to another Town when a word came to him about the demise of Juliet. Monk Lawrence and Juliet had made arrangements for Juliet to counterfeit her demise so she could leave Verona with Romeo. Romeo didn't know about this arrangement so Friar Lawrence sent a letter to Romeo in the town he was ousted to just to discover a couple of days after the fact the letter couldn't be sent because of an episode of plague in Romeos town. Romeo at that point getting the message of Juliets demise was distressed and raged again into Verona causing destruction just to be with Juliet on her passing bed. Romeo had gotten some savage toxic substance on section to Verona as he didn't feel he could go on in existence without Juliet. Romeo ran into the house of prayer to be the place Juliet lay, where he would slaughter himself. We will compose a custom paper test on Romeo and Juliet endure various enthusiastic injuries in the play explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Romeo and Juliet endure various enthusiastic injuries in the play explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Romeo and Juliet endure various enthusiastic injuries in the play explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer He lay close by and drank the toxic substance just for Juliet to unfeelingly wake up as he lay on the floor dead with a face of distress. Juliet then intentionally ends her own life, a knife to the stomach with Romeos cutting edge. I think Shakespeare makes a definitive compassion toward the two characters as they bite the dust before one another. Juliet portrays the knife as O cheerful blade telling the crowd that she is satisfied it will slaughter her. Juliet accepts that on the off chance that she is dead she will be nearer to Romeo so is glad that the knife can execute her. Juliet additionally says to Friar Lawrence where is my Lord alluding to Romeo which shows the affection she had towards him. Shakespeare has additionally utilized emotional incongruity here to make compassion as Juliet doesn't realize Romeo is dead however the Friar and the crowd do. This is additionally an utilization of strict language which Shakespeare utilizes all through the play. Another significant instrument that Shakespeare utilizes is the preamble of the play where he tells the crowd that Romeo and Juliet are going to pass on which makes compassion towards Romeo and Juliet before the play even starts. It says The frightful entry of their demise stamped darlings and A couple of star crossed sweethearts both end their life. These two sentences disclose to us that they Romeo and Juliet fall profoundly enamored yet are bound to bite the dust, as of now Shakespeare has utilized this to make compassion toward Romeo and Juliet. I think the compassion builds the more drawn out the play proceeds as the crowd watch the pair fall frantically enamored and they dont realize that their going to kick the bucket. This is likewise a genuine case of sensational as the crowd knows Romeo and Juliet are going to bite the dust however Romeo and Juliet don't have the foggiest idea about this. The fight between Juliets family (Capulet) and Romeos family (Montague) likewise makes compassion toward Romeo and Juliet. Shakespeare specifies the families quarrel in the preamble saying Two families both the same in poise From an old resentment break new rebellion. These two lines disclose to us that they are two amazing house holds however they will be double-crossed. This as of now makes heaps of compassion toward Romeo and Juliet; in such a case that there was no contention between the two families none of the occasions paving the way to their demises would have occurred, Romeo and Juliets relationship would have not must be a mystery. The play starts with a fight between the two houses and in the end later on in the play individuals from the families are executed which bring about tragic outcomes. By beginning the play with a battle Shakespeare promptly energizes the crowd and catches their eye. This is in a manner another sensational gadget utilized by Shakespeare since Romeo and Juliet know about their families loathe for one another yet don't have a clue what kind of issues this will cause later on. Tybalts passing is another significant occasion in the play which makes compassion toward Romeo and Juliet. Shakespeare makes an emotional fight between the Montagues and Capulets finishing off with the demise of Mercutio and Tybalt. The two posses of men meet in an open spot and Mercutio and Tybalt start to battle and in the end Mercutio is executed. In an attack of outrage Romeo fights with Tybalt and Kills him incensed. Romeo says And fire-looked at fierceness be my direct now which tell the crowd exactly how furious Romeo is with Tybalt.The crowd feels compassion towards Romeo as his closest companion has passed on. At the point when Romeo executes Tybalt he is exiled and Juliet is exceptionally disturbed that Romeo is no more. Juliet imagines that she is sobbing for Tybalts passing; she says to her mom I am not well. This causes us to feel compassion toward Juliet as she needs to shroud her trouble behind her cousins passing. Shakespeare has utilized emotional incongruity here on the grounds that Juliets family doesn't have the foggiest idea why she is crying and think this is on the grounds that Tybalt has kicked the bucket. Juliet is profoundly despondent in light of the fact that she doesn't have the foggiest idea when she will see Romeo and her wedding has been dropped. Shakespeare has demonstrated a point here about the treatment of ladies in the sixteenth century on the grounds that Juliet is compelled to shroud her own actual emotions and can have no sentiment on Romeo expulsion. This makes further compassion toward Juliet. The letter that Friar Lawrence sent however didn't arrive at Romeo was additionally a significant part in the play which expanded pity towards Romeo and Juliet. This makes compassion toward Romeo and Juliet as Romeo has know information on Juliets demise and this in the long run prompts Romeo executing himself. On hearing that his letter couldn't be sent Friar Lawrence says Unhappy fortune! By my fraternity this recounts his despondency that the letter couldn't be sent and he becomes stressed that Romeo doesn't know about Juliets demise. Shakespeare has additionally unexpectedly utilized the word fortune as Friar Lawrence has no power over what has occurred and is bound to happen to Romeo and Juliet. Shakespeare has utilized sensational incongruity here in light of the fact that Romeo doesn't have a clue about that Juliet has faked her passing. This makes bunches of compassion toward Romeo as he is appallingly vexed about the demise of Juliet and in the end prompts Romeo slaughtering himself. Romeo says Well Juliet I will lie with thee today telling the crowds that he is going to kill himself, making compassion toward Juliet. In act III scene 1 parody takes an emotional go to disaster which causes the crowd to recollect what is bound to happen to Romeo and Juliet and makes more compassion. When Tybalt and Mercutio kick the bucket, this lays everything out for the remainder of the play and the crowd realizes that in the end Romeo and Juliet are going to pass on. This makes considerably more compassion toward them as the crowd acknowledges they will before long bite the dust. This is a significant defining moment in the play as it takes a genuine turn and after this next to no parody is utilized by Shakespeare. He does this so theres such a major examination among disaster and parody. In end to all the occasions I concentrated in the play I found the accompanying things. Shakespeare did nothing unintentionally and all the topics of the play were deliberately put there. He has obviously intentionally featured that ladies were not regarded well in the sixteenth century and had next to no say in issues. He has cunningly demonstrated that contention can prompt unnecessary passing and that savagery isn't the correct answer. By and large making compassion toward Romeo and Juliet was Shakespeares primary target which he finished effectively in this grievous romantic tale. ;

Types of APA Research Paper

Types of APA Research PaperWhat kind of example of APA research paper is good? It's not so simple to answer that question, however. There are two main types of research papers that come out of the University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, the 'Clinical Research and Reports' and the 'Archives.' In this article, we'll look at the difference between the two, which, when viewed together, can give us an idea of what kind of research paper is right for each project.The clinical research is generally a bit more focused than the Archives. You're dealing with patients. This is a more appropriate kind of paper, but you can make a good APA research paper with Archives. More importantly, you're dealing with more abstract information. The purpose of the Archive's paper is to summarize an academic journal article and present it as a fully functioning research paper.This is the kind of research paper that I would recommend to a doctor who wanted to pass off an article that he or she didn't really work on as their own work. Most journals are accepting the articles for publication, but not all of them will put an APA reference on the article. If your research is more abstract in nature, then your APA research paper should make it quite clear that you're referencing the article that was actually published in a scientific journal.If you do some Archival research, however, you may find that your research paper does not require an APA reference. Archive papers will have an apa reference, but because they don't focus on patient care, you won't need to fill out an APA form to submit your paper.The Archive paper is useful if you want to keep a record of your progress. Each time you've finished something, add it to your file and make a note of any milestones you've reached along the way. If you do the clinical research, then you should include the patient names, treatment results, dates of diagnosis, and the time spent working on them. With the Archive's paper, you simp ly include the patient information and you may forget that the patient you did your research on has gotten better.The APA reference is very helpful when you're dealing with research papers that aren't part of an academic journal. The APA reference does not tell you the actual name of the scientist who contributed to the research, though. You'll have to refer to the papers' authors' names to find out the names of the scientists who did the actual work. With the Archive's paper, you'll simply use the article's title, not the article's author.Both types of APA research paper should be formatted the same way, though. The Archives paper should be formatted like the normal paper, with proper fonts and figures. The Clinical Research and Reports should have proper formatting as well, but there are exceptions, so be sure to double check before you submit your paper to the archives.

Human Trafficking In America - Free Essay Example

To the dismay of many people, human trafficking is a huge problem in America. Most people would like you to believe that things like that dont happen here, that is something that happens in other countries, poorer countries, not the U.S. of A. It has become such an epidemic here, that it can no longer be ignored. Though it is currently difficult to know the exact number of people that are victim to human trafficking due to it being a hidden crime, the US is currently ranked in the top 10 destinations for human trafficking. (Hepburn, Simon 2010) I would like to define human trafficking, as it is written by Homeland Security so when it is mentioned it will be comprehended the same way throughout, Human trafficking is modern-day slavery and involves the use of force, fraud, or coercion to obtain some type of labor or commercial sex act. Though history would like for you to believe that slavery was abolished in 1838 after the American Civil War and the Emancipation Proclamation that was signed by Abraham Lincoln. Unfortunately, none of that is true. There is more human slavery in the world today, than ever before. It is considered low risk, high reward since it is hard to prove and convict compared to the amount of money that is made from it. One major difference between then and now would be that back then, human slaves were property and worth a monetary value. Whereas now there is no monetary value to the person, only what they can do to make the trafficker money. Once the slave becomes of no use, do it health reasons or age, they are no longer making money, so they are easily replaced. Human trafficking is the third largest criminal activity following closely behind drugs and guns being sold illegally. Though it seems that sex trafficking gets more attention in the media due to it being more overdramatized; labor trafficking is more common and harder to prove in a court of law. One huge misconception about human trafficking is that a person has to be transported from one country to another to be considered trafficking, however, it can take place all in one country. There is an estimated 100,000-150,000 people that the US government believes to be kept in slavery here in America. Common factors that lead people to become victims is often extreme poverty, they may be born in to, they may be runaways living on the streets making them easy targets for kidnapping, or they may be tricked. When someone has grown up in poverty and they are offered an opportunity to either make a better life for themselves or their children, it makes them susceptible to any promises made of a better life. Often parents in poverty are persuaded with hope. Hope of a better life, better education, or even a better life here in America, they will send their child away with these strangers or companies, thinking they are doing their best for their children. Not fully understanding that once that child has been separated from his or her fa mily, communication ties will be severed, and the child will be stuck with their captors. It has been documented that families have sold their younger children because they could not afford to raise them and they would use the money made to finish raising the older child, or children, that were of working age. Some victims have fallen prey to the darkness that is in the internet, people answering personal ads, and claiming to fall in love with that person over time. Once that person has the victim believing that love is the driving force, the victim will do anything to keep that love, even if it means sleeping with Johns for money. Runaways are easy prey for human traffickers due to their vulnerability. The traffickers watch, evaluate patterns of runaways living on the streets, then the trafficker will have a better idea of what could be the selling point to get that victim to go with them, it could be food, shelter, or promises of an endless supply of drugs. It is curren tly estimated that over 2,000 children a day go missing in America, that is approximately 750,000 per year. Of those numbers, only 24 percent are taken by strangers, otherwise known as stranger kidnapping, which gives you approximately 175,000 that go missing or possibly taken for human trafficking per year. That is just children, that doesnt include women and men that are also taken for slavery. Once victims have themselves in a human trafficking situation they may be afraid to leave. Captors often use threats of harming family members, deportation if they are in America illegally, being put in jail. Some victims may have the lack of knowledge about alternatives, they may be kept in isolation, they suffer physical abuse, or physical/psychological confinement. Unfortunately, in some countries it is believed that some governments or law enforcement agencies are involved or have knowledge of ongoing human trafficking events and are paid nicely to look the other way. So, if someone is here illegally, they may have several fears that prevent them from seeking help from the law enforcement. They could be afraid of deportation, fear of not being believed, or fear that if they ask law enforcement for help, they will be turned back over to their captors and punished severely. Also, if they are involved in illegally activities here in America, they may fear

Organizational Management And Leadership, A Christian...

The research topic for this paper focuses on three subject areas from Chapter 4 of the text book, â€Å"Organizational Management and Leadership, A Christian Perspective†, that seemed most important (Satterlee, 2009). First, vision is an important leadership characteristic because it establishes purpose and sets the path to the future for the entire organization. Second, servant leadership is an important model for leadership as it results in a collaborative culture where all levels of employees are likely to work together to achieve goals. Finally, change leadership is important as change is inevitable and the longevity of an organization can be determined by how effectively change is managed. Key Words: vision, servant leadership, change leadership, Scripture Vision – Servant Leadership – Change Leadership Vision, servant leadership, and change leadership are related, and together they yield practical positive results and are supported by biblical instruction. Vision is one characteristic of a good leader – the ability to communicate the future goals of an organization in such a way as to motivate employees to work hard to support the goals (Satterlee, 2009, 103). Connected to vision is the important model of servant leadership model that focuses on collaborative stewardship versus individual ownership (Satterlee, 2009, p. 113). Finally, change leadership is important because organizational change is inevitable, and visionary leaders who rely on aspects of servantShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Management And Leadership : A Christian Perspective Essay802 Words   |  4 PagesDiscussion Board 1: Managerial Roles Definition: â€Å"Managerial roles are tasks a manager is expected to perform based on the position he or she holds in the organization.† Satterlee, A. (2013). Organizational management and leadership: A Christian perspective. (2nd ed). North Carolina: Synergistics International Inc. 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BPs Marketing Strategy in Changing Business Environment - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 12 Words: 3655 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Case study Level High school Did you like this example? BPs Marketing Strategy in Changing Business Environment 1. Introduction Multinational corporations operating in complex and diverse political, economic, social and cultural environments have to improve, adjust and develop their marketing strategies on a regular basis (Bamberg, 2009:46). Changing environmental factors create new conditions for their operating, which often require considerable and serious changes in strategic decision-making and positioning of companies. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "BPs Marketing Strategy in Changing Business Environment" essay for you Create order Inflexible and rigid firms will cease to be competitive in the market every time changes occur (Fight, 2006:85). The aim of the present report is to identify the past and present changes in marketing strategy of British Petroleum, which have occurred under the pressure of environmental factors. It is evaluated whether these changes were necessary, and future strategic options for British Petroleum are recommended. 2. Background British Petroleum (BP) is a multi-national gas and oil company located in the United Kingdom. Taking into consideration the size of revenues, BP proves to be the third largest energy company in the world. It is reported that its revenue was equal to as much as $308 billion in 2010 (BP, 2010:18). Working in the field of the gas and oil industry, the corporation carries out a wide range of operations, namely exploration, refining, production, trading, power generation, renewable energy production, etc. BP is presented in more than 80 countries all over the world and employs more than 80,000 workers. The company was founded in 1909 as the Anglo-Persian Oil Company, but only in 1954, it was known as the British Petroleum Company. 1998 was marked by the merger with Amoco (BP, 2011:1). Operating in turbulent and dynamic industrial sector, BP has always had to adequately react to the environmental changes and adjust their marketing strategy (Bamberg, 2009:49). 3. BP in Dynamic and Changing Environment Taking into account that this report analyses strategic positioning of BP as a response to environmental changes and influences, the external environment of the company should be carefully scanned. It is important to note that not only contemporary external influences ought to be investigated, but also the environmental factors that used to influence BP some time ago. This will allow for observing changes from a historical perspective. In this sense, the PESTEL framework appears to be a very useful tool. It is argued that the PESTEL framework helps to identify the relative importance of political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal influences, and can be used to identify the key long-term drivers of change (Fight, 2006:44). It may be critically stated that recent market events have provided a sharp reminder of the central role of energy for our near-term security; insecurity arises from a range of issues, including geopolitical instability, natural dis asters, terrorism and even poor regulatory design (ORCD, 2003:421). Indeed, geopolitical instability proves to be a powerful political factor, which can influence volatility in the energy markets. It is reported that the world is heavily dependent on Middle East since this region has more than 60% of the worlds oil reserves (Thomas White Global Investing, 2010:1). The key oil producing countries are Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, UAE, Venezuela, Russia and Libya. Oil reserves of these countries are demonstrated in the graph below. It is valid to argue that a number of instability symptoms have been observed in these countries recently, including military conflicts, authoritarian political regimes, corruption, etc. For instance, Venezuela tends to use its oil revenues to finance governmental programmes and ideology (Thomas White Global Investing, 2010:1). As it may be observed from the histogram, Saudi Arabia has the largest oil reserves in the world, namely 262.2 billion barrels. Canada, Iran and Iraq have 179.2 billion, 136.3 billion and 115 billion barrels respectively (Thomas White Global Investing, 2010:1). In response to the mentioned political influences, BPs strategy has been changed the following way. Generally, it is possible to observe two main tendencies. First, British Petroleum attempts to hedge political risks in the oil producing countries by means of partnership and deals with the governments. For instance, BP signed a contract with the Russian state-run oil company Rosneft in 2009 (Hernandez, 2011:1). Second, the company evacuated its personnel from northern Africa because of growing political instability in Tunisia, Egypt and Libya. Simultaneously, BP develops its cooperation with emerging economies in Asia, which are more politically stable, namely India (Hernandez, 2011:1). These changes were necessary in order to avoid political risks in the countries, which prove to be the leading producers of oil. Geopolitical ins tability in the world and political tensions in these countries can be viewed as important factors that have led to the fluctuations in oil prices, which may be illustrated by the following graph. As it may be grasped from the graph, crude oil price reached its maximum in 2008 and constituted as much as $91.48 per barrel (IBP Oil, 2011:1). The period from 2002 to 2008 was marked by the gradual rise in crude oil prices. In 2009, the indicator was equal to $53.56, and oil prices started growing again (IBP Oil, 2011:1). It may be argued that fluctuations in crude oil prices are also the result of economic influences. It is obvious from the graph that crude oil prices skyrocketed simultaneously with the coming of the global financial crisis. Another increase in oil prices occurred during the prolonged recession, in the long-term of the financial crisis (Bamberg, 2009:184; IBP Oil, 2011:1). In accordance with Brigham and Ehrhardt (2010:901), the main causes of fluctuations in crude oil prices are demand and supply forces, investment demand and monetary inflation. The US Dollar inflation can be graphically presented the following way. As it is observed, inflation reached its maximum in 2008 when the indicator was equal to 3.85% (Inflation Data, 2011:1). It has already been stated that the rapid growth of crude oil priced took place the same year. As argued by Brigham and Ehrhardt (2010:901), it is possible to establish cause-effect relations between high inflation and the growth of oil prices. Indeed, these environmental factors had economic influence on British Petroleum. The excessive dependence on non-renewable energy carriers and fluctuations in crude oil prices have contributed to the popularity of renewable energy, namely wind, solar and geothermal (Fight, 2006:93). The point is that the reserves of renewable energy are not limited. In response to these economic influences, BP reconsidered its business strategy the following way. It is re ported that the company started producing solar panels after the acquisitions of Lucas Energy Systems (1980) and Amoco (1998). At the present moment, the company proves to be the largest manufacturer of solar panels in the world. BP has launched two main types of solar energy products, namely products for individual consumers and products for organisations. For instance, the firm is planning to run a new solar energy project aimed at energy supply for Wal-Mart stores (BP, 2011:1). Furthermore, it is reported that BP invested more than $6 billion in wind and biofuel energy projects during the period from 2005 to 2010 (BP, 2010:61). These changes were necessary because the PB attempted to attract customers by cheaper and green energy. The volumes of green energy production by BP can be presented by the following graph. It is illustrated by the histogram that BP produced as much as 774 megawatts in 2010. The total volume of wind energy produced by the company is more than the volume of solar energy (BP, 2010:63). However, the company tends to produce more solar energy every following year. If 162 megawatts were produced in 2008, the indicator increased to the level of 325 megawatts in 2010 (BP, 2010:63). Global energy consumption patterns may be viewed as an important social influence on BP. The following histogram illustrates the changes in energy consumption during the last two decades. It can be observed that the worlds population consumed as much as 8,131 million tons in oil equivalent in 1990. However, the indicator constituted 11,808 million tons in 2010 (BP, 2011:1). However, it should be taken into consideration that energy is not consumed equally by different regions of the world (BP, 2011:1). The following graph illustrates energy consumption patterns by economic zones, unions and countries. As it may be understood, this social influence could lead to changes in marketing strategy of BP. It is reported that nearly 20% of the worl d energy is consumed in the US market. To be more specific, the indicator was equal to 89,021 kWh/hab in 1990 and decreased to the level of 87,216 kWh/hab in 2008 (BP, 2011:1). It can be observed that the EU countries consume half the amount of energy used in the US; it constitutes 40,812 kWh/hab. It is interesting to note that the EU consumption patterns had grown by 2008. Furthermore, it should be emphasised that such regions as Middle East and China have experienced enormous growth of energy consumption recently (BP, 2011:1). In response to these socials changes, BP has reconsidered and changed its strategy the following way. The company used to operate in the US market very actively and have large manufacturing facilities in this country during the 1990s. It is understandable that the region consuming nearly 20% of the world energy will be of strategic interest for British Petroleum (Bamberg, 2009:142). Nevertheless, the company attempted to move considerable part of its manufacturing facilities from the US to China during the 2000s. For instance, BPs factories in Frederick, Maryland were closed in 2000 (Wenying, 2004:100). Moving production facilities to China continued regardless of the fact that the Chinese government issued a number of protectionist laws, which require than no less than 85% of input materials must be manufactured in China (Bamberg, 2009:83). These changes were necessary because energy consumption patterns in the US market had reduced by 2008. It may be argued that technological progress is associated with the growth of energy consumption patterns by such sectors as industry and transport. The following graph can be presented to illustrate this relationship. All the four sectors have experienced growth in energy consumption recently. It is reported that in 2008, industry and transport used 27,273 TWh and 26,742 TWh respectively (BP, 2011). It may be explained by the fact that new technologies are more energy consumin g. Furthermore, rapid growth of the worlds population means that more and more oil should be spent on manufacturing of industrial goods and transportation (Bamberg, 2009:42). For example, there were about 400 million motor cars in 2000; however, the total amount of vehicles constitutes more than 750 million today (Heitmann, 2009:167). These technological changes have led to the following reconsiderations and amendments in BPs strategy. First, the company started popularising efficient use of energy and invested in energy efficiency of industrial enterprises and engines for motor vehicles (BP, 2010:53). Second, BP introduces new technologies in their own production process. It was officially stated by the Group Chief Executive that the answer to the problems caused by some technology is more and better technology to reduce the environmental impact of exploration, to reduce the carbon content of the fuels we use, to give people everywhere better choices (BP, 2001:1). To be m ore specific, BP has rationalised transportation of oil and its products and has reduced the content of carbon in its fuel (Bamberg, 2009:142). Being an energy company, BP is subjected to manifold environmental influences. It is possible to differentiate between environmental factors that refer to the global ecological changes and environmental influences provoked by the company itself. The latter are numerous chemical leaks, oil spills and dumping of hazardous substances. For instance, BP was blamed for dumping of chemical wasted in Alaska during the period from 1993 to 1995 (Roach, 2006:1). Prudhoe Bay oil spill, which occurred in August 2006, was the result of pipeline corrosion. More than 5,000 barrels of crude oil leaked and caused environmental damage to the sea life. Another problem was registered in Texas City in 2010 when there was a chemical leak of hazardous elements into the atmosphere (Aulds, 2010:1). Regardless of the fact that BP runs a great number of gre en practices and corporate social responsibilities (investment in renewable energy projects, restoration of the environment after oil accidents, funding of ecological projects and initiatives, etc.), the company was given the Greenwash Award in 2009 (Green Peace, 2010:24). The firm tends to manipulate the public paying considerable attention to its CSR activities. It is argued that BP spends on green practices less than it is proclaimed in official statements of the company (Green Peace, 2010:26). It can be summarised that BP attempted to build positive public image by its green practices in response to the mentioned environmental influences. However, these attempts cannot be classified as successful. These changes in strategy cannot be classified as a necessity. The company could have been more open and honest with the public, which could have created more positive public image. Finally, it may be stated that BP has already had a series of legal arguments with the governme nts and non-governmental organisations. It is reported that yet already BPs actions are facing unprecedented scrutiny, thanks to a years-long history of legal and ethical violations that critics, judges and members of Congress say shows that the London-based company has a penchant for putting profits ahead of just about everything else (Mauer and Tinsley, 2010:1). In response to these legal influences, the company has become more careful and prudent (Aulds, 2010:1). 4. Strategic Position of BP Prior to the identification of the generic strategy of BP, it is necessary to conduct a stakeholder analysis and detect the recent changes in BPs attitude towards different interest groups. The main stakeholders of the company are the government, the press, suppliers, ecological organisations, customers, alliance partners, shareholders, the public and employees (BP, 2010:34). The positioning of these interest groups in the stakeholder matrix can be presented the following way. It may be observed that role of the governments has changed under the influence of political influences and geopolitical instability. The governments of oil producing countries and suppliers appear to be very powerful (BP, 2010:74). At the present moment, BP has to build strong long-term relationships with governments in order to avoid political risks, limitations and possible restrictions (Thomas White Global Investing, 2010:1). It is argued that ecological organisations and customers are less power ful, but they tend to demonstrate greater interest to the company. Ecological organisations and the public are worried about harmful effects of the companys operations. Customers are interested in BP because the energy consumption patterns are growing and there is always demand for oil (Bamberg, 2009:34). The company has several groups of customers, namely car owners using service stations (Aral, ARCO, BP Connect, BP Express and BP2go), users of convenience stores, users of solar panels, users of motor oils and derived products, the transport industry and the aerospace industry (BP, 2010:74). Another important change that has happened recently is that employees power has increased. This change can be explained by several accidents, disasters and safety problems, which have occurred at British Petroleum. For instance, it is stated by the US Department of Labour (2011:1) that the explosion in the isomerisation unit of the BP refinery in Texas City led to the death of 15 worke rs and injury of 170 employees. Similar scandals attract the public attention and interest and stimulate better maintenance of safety standards and norms. It should be noted that the power of the press and the public has increased too (Green Peace, 2010:21). Discussing generic strategies of the company, it is also possible to identify changes. At the early stages of its development, BP was following the cost leadership strategy (Bamberg, 2009:132). Indeed, the company made considerable efforts to remain the leader in developing costs. Nevertheless, it is argued by Business Leadership (2011:1) that the firms cost reduction practices were the main reason for oil spills and leaks. Cost cutting measures prevented the company from timely and regular repairs and maintenance of the infrastructure (Business Leadership, 2011:1). BP has transformed the cost leadership strategy into the differentiation strategy by the present moment. It is argued that the company has endeavoured to redefine its market space by laying claim to activities beyond oil and gas such as alternative energy and a lower carbon future (Bright, 2011:4). As it may be seen, the turbulent and changing external environment has forced BP to undertake a series of new decisions, which were different from those undertaken in the past. These changes in the corporate marketing strategy can be evaluated as a normal reaction to external political, economic, social and technological influences. As a result, it is possible to observe the change in stakeholders power and interest towards the company. Furthermore, BPs generic strategy has evolved from cost leadership into differentiation (Business Leadership, 2011:1; Bright, 2011:4). 5. Future Strategic Options The discussion of future challenges for BP will reveal that future energy consumption patterns will continue growing. The forecast of future changes may be presented the following way. The total volume of energy consumed by the world will have constituted as much as 16,432 million tons in oil equivalent by 2030 (BP, 2011:1). Another important challenge that should be taken into account is possible growth and fluctuations of oil prices. The company should avoid accidents, disasters and safety problems, which prove to be serious challenges to British Petroleum. Finally growing popularity and demand for renewable energy are both opportunity and challenge for the firm (Aulds, 2010:4). Relying on the previously identified environmental influences and pressures, it can be suggested that British Petroleum should follow the diversification strategy as a future option. In accordance with Ansoff matrix, diversification is the strategy, which implies entering new markets with new p roducts (Meldrum and McDonald, 2007:142). This choice of the future strategic option can be explained by a number of reasons. First, growing geopolitical instability and political risks and oil producing countries have forced BP to entering new markets, which are characterised by considerable potential. Second, the company can continue running and developing renewable energy projects, which have become very popular (Hernandez, 2011:1). In the conditions of growing demand for energy, growing consumption patterns and increasing crude oil prices, the company should be more active in the field of alternative energy. A modified version of strategic options was offered by Turner (2005:340). As it can be grasped from the improved framework, BP should follow the offensive strategy in future. It is implied that new services should be delivered to more politically stable and balanced markets (Turner, 2005:340). It is expected that this choice of the future strategy will be consi stent with contemporary changes and tendencies in the industry, namely growing demand for renewable energy, unstable crude oil prices, ecological awareness and energy efficiency (Bamberg, 2009:153). 6. Conclusion and Recommendations It may be concluded that the main strategic changes undertaken by British Petroleum in response to the turbulent and dynamic environment are contracts with the governments to avoid political risks, moving to more stable countries such as India from the northern Africa, acquisition of the solar panel manufacturers, investment in wind and solar projects, moving manufacturing facilities to China, investment in energy efficiency, reduction of carbon content in fuels, participation in green activities an greenwashing. The company had to transform its generic strategy from cost leadership to differentiation since cost reducing practices had led to oil spills and leaks. It may be summarised that the identified changes were necessary. Nevertheless, the company could have been more honest and open in its CSR projects. It is recommended that BP should use the diversification strategy as a future strategic option in order to continue responding to the environmental challenges. The co mpany should diversify its product range associated with the production of solar and wind energy for individual and corporate customers. It is expected that these products will be popular in the emerging markets such as India and China where incomes are not high, but energy consumption patterns are growing very fast. Furthermore, it is recommended that the company should increase expenditures on infrastructure maintenance and employee safety. Together with alternative energy production, this will positively influence corporate reputation after the recent safety scandals and greenwashing. Finally, it is recommended that BP should continue popularising efficient use of energy by individual consumers and industrial enterprises. References Aulds, T. (2010) BP: 500,000 pounds of emissions released, The Daily News, [online] Available at: https://galvestondailynews.com/story/157738/ [Accessed 8 May 2011]. Bamberg, J. (2009) The History of the British Petroleum Company, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. BP (2001) Technology and business a progress report, [online] Available at: https://www.bp.com/genericarticle.do?categoryId=98contentId=2000347 [Accessed 8 May 2011]. BP (2010) Annual Report, [online] Available at: https://www.bp.com/liveassets/bp_internet/globalbp/STAGING/global_assets/downloads/I/BP_Annual_Report_and_Form_20F.pdf [Accessed 8 May 2011]. BP (2011) Strategy, [online] Available at: https://www.bp.com/genericsection.do?categoryId=135contentId=7038549 [Accessed 8 May 2011]. Brigham, E. and Ehrhardt, M. (2010) Financial Management: Theory and Practice, 13th ed., London: Cengage Learning. Bright, F. (2011) BPs Competitive Strategy: Leadership at What Cost?, [online] Available at: htt ps://www.themixoilandwater.com/2011/01/bps-competitive-strategy-leadership-at.html [Accessed 8 May 2011]. Business Leadership (2011) BP cost-cutting contributed to spill, [online] Available at: https://www.businessandleadership.com/leadership/item/27593-bp-cost-cutting-contributed [Accessed 8 May 2011]. Fight, A. (2006) Cash flow forecasting, London: Butterworth-Heinemann. Green Peace (2010) Carbon Scam, [online] Available at: https://www.greenpeace.org/usa/Global/usa/report/2010/1/carbon-scam-noel-kempff-clima.pdf [Accessed 8 May 2011]. Griffin, R. (2006) Management, 9th ed., London: Cengage Learning. Heitmann, J. (2009) The automobile and American life, New York: McFarland. Hernandez, J. (2011) BP strikes $7.2 billion oil deal with Indian company, [online] Available at: https://www.trendbuzz.com/technology/12913/bp-strikes-7-2-billion-oil-deal-with-indian-company.html [Accessed 8 May 2011]. IBP Oil (2011) History Of Illinois Basin Posted Crude Oil Prices, [online] Available at: https://www.ioga.com/Special/crudeoil_Hist.htm [Accessed 8 May 2011]. Inflation Data (2011) Historical Inflation, [online] Available at: https://inflationdata.com/inflation/Inflation_Rate/HistoricalInflation.aspx [Accessed 8 May 2011]. Mauer, R. and Tinsley, A. (2010) Gulf oil spill: BP has a long record of legal, ethical violations, McClatchy Newspapers, [online] Available at: https://www.mcclatchydc.com/2010/05/08/93779/bp-has-a-long-record-of-legal.html#ixzz0nZaTzdqN [Accessed 8 May 2011]. Meldrum, M. and McDonald, M. (2007) Marketing in a nutshell: key concepts for non-specialists, Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. ORCD (2003) Energy policies of IEA countries: 2003 review, New York: OECD Publishing. Roach, J. (2006) Alaska Oil Spill Fuels Concerns Over Arctic Wildlife, Future Drilling, National Geographic, [online] Available at: https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/03/0320_060320_alaska_oil.html [Accessed 8 May 2011]. Thomas Whi te Global Investing (2010) Geopolitical Instability and Energy Prices, [online] Available at: https://www.thomaswhite.com/explore-the-world/Geopolitical-Instability%20.aspx [Accessed 8 May 2011]. Turner, C. (2005) The international strategies of Europes incumbent telecommunications operators: towards a strategic typology, European Business Review, Vol. 17, Issue 4, pp. 340-351. US Department of Labour (2011) BP History Fact Sheet, [online] Available at: https://www.osha.gov/dep/bp/bphistory.html [Accessed 8 May 2011]. Wenying, C. (2004) Chinas energy outlook 2004, New York: Guida Editori.

Asian American Essay - 738 Words

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Species Essay Research Paper Concept of Species free essay sample

Speciess Essay, Research Paper Concept of Species Over the last few decennaries the Biological Species Concept ( BSC ) has become predominately the dominant species definition used. This construct defines a species as a generative community. This though has had much polish through the old ages. The earliest precursor to the construct is in Du Rietz ( 1930 ) , so subsequently Dobzhansky added to this definition in 1937.But even after this the definition was extremely restrictive. The definition of a species that is accepted as the Biological species construct was founded by Ernst Mayr ( 1942 ) ; ? ..groups of really or potentially interbreeding natural populations which are reproductively isolated from other such groups? However, this is a definition on what happens in nature. Mayr subsequently amended this definition to include an ecological constituent ; ? ..a generative community of populations ( reproductively isolated from others ) that occupies a specific niche in nature The BSC is greatly recognized amongst craniate animal scientists A ; bugologists. Two grounds account for this.Firstly these are the groups that the writers of the BSC worked with. ( Mayr is an bird watcher A ; Dobzhansky has worked chiefly with Drosophila ) . More significantly Sexual reproduction is the overriding signifier of reproduction in these groups. It is non coinciding that the BSC is less widely used amongst phytologists. Tellurian workss exhibit much more greater diverseness in their manner of reproduction than craniates and insects. There has been many unfavorable judgments of the BSC in its theoretical cogency and practical public-service corporation. For illustration, the application of the BSC to a figure of groups is debatable because of interspecies hybridization between clearly delimited species. ( Skelton ) . It cant be applied to species that reproduce asexually ( e.g Bdelloid rotifers, eugelenoid mastigophorans ) .Asexual signifiers of usually sexual beings are besides known. Prokaryotes are besides left out by the construct because gender as defined in the eucaryotes is unknown. The Biological species construct is besides questionable in those land workss that chiefly self-pollinate. ( Cronquist 1988 ) . Practically the BSC has its restrictions in the most obvious signifier of fossils.-It buzzword be applied to this evolutionary distinct group because they no longer copulate. ( Do homo Erectus and gay sapiens represent the same or different species? ) It besides has restrictions when practically applied to specify species. The BSC suggests engendering experiments as the trial of whether a n being is a distinguishable species. But this is a trial seldom made, as the figure of crosses needed to specify a species can be monolithic. So the clip, attempt and money needed to transport out such trials is prohibitory. Not merely this but the experiment carried out are frequently inconclusive. In pattern even strong trusters of the BSC usage phenetic similarities and discontinuties for specifying species. Although more widely known, several options to the biological species concept exist. The Phenetic ( or Morphological / Recognition ) Species Concept proposes an option to the BSC ( Cronquist ) that has been called a # 8220 ; renewed practical species definition # 8221 ; . This defines species as ; # 8220 ; # 8230 ; the smallest groups that are systematically and persistently distinguishable and distinguishable by ordinary means. # 8221 ; Problems with this definition can be seen, one time once more depending on the background of the user. For illustration # 8220 ; ordinary means # 8221 ; includes any techniques that are widely available, inexpensive and comparatively easy to use. These agencies will differ among different groups of beings. For illustration, to a phytologist working with flowering plants ordinary agencies might intend a manus lens ; to an bugologist working with beetles it might intend a dissecting microscope ; to a phycologist working with diatoms it might intend a scanning electron microscope. What means are ordinary are determined by what is needed to analyze the beings in inquiry. So one time once more we see that it is a Subjective position depending on how the life scientist wants to read the definition. It besides has similar troubles to the BSC in specifying between nonsexual species and being of loanblends. There are several phyletic species definitions. All of them suggest hat categorizations should reflect the best supported hypotheses of the evolution of the beings. Baum ( 1992 ) describes two types of phyletic species constructs, one of thes is that A species must be monophyletic and portion one or more derived character. There are two significances to monophyletic ( Nelson 1989 ) . The first defines a monophyletic group as all the posterities of a common ascendant and the ascendant. The 2nd defines a monophyletic group as a group of beings that are more closely related to each other than to any other beings. So truly, the species constructs are merely theoretical and by no means no criterion as to which species should be grouped. However it can be argued that without a more stuructured approached proper treatment can non happen due to conflicting species names. And so, if there are rather big jobs with all of the species constructs, the inquiry about what is used in practicehas to be asked. Most taxonomers use on or more of four chief standards ; ( Stace 1990 ) 1.The persons should bear a close resemblance to one another such that they are ever readily recognizable as members of that group 2.There are spreads between the spectra of fluctuation exhibite by related species ; if there are no such spreads so there is a instance for mixing the taxtas a individual species. 3.Each species occupies a definable geographical country ( broad or narrow ) and is provably suited to the environmental conditions which it encounters. 4.In sexual taxa, the persons should be capable of crossbreeding with small or no loss of birthrate, and at that place are should be some decrease in the levelll or success ( measured in footings of intercrossed fetility or fight of traversing with other species. Of class, as has been seen, no 1 of these standards is absolute and it is more frequently left to the taxonomers ain opinion. Quite often a categorization system is brought about from the incorrect grounds. Between two taxa similarities and differences can be found which have to be consisdered, and it is merely up to the taxonomers discretion as to which differences or simila rities should be empahasised. So differences are of course traveling to originate between taxonomists.The system used can be brought about for convienience, from historical facets and to salvage statement. # 8211 ; It may be a batch easier to lodge with a current construct, although necessitating extremist alterations, because of the turbulence and confusion that may be caused. As seen much has been written on the different constructs and betterments to these constructs but these sum to little more than personal opinions aimed at bring forthing a feasible categorization ( Stace ) .In general most Biologists adopt the definition of species that is most suitable to the type of animate being or works that they are working with at the clip and utilize their ain opinion as to what that means. It is common pattern amongst most taxonomers to look for discontinuities in fluctuation which can be used to specify the lands, divisions etc.. Between a group of closley related taxa it can be utile, although extremely subjective, to utilize the crtieria of equality or comparibility. Normally nevertheless, the standards of discontinuity is more accurate than comparibility, even if the taxa are widely different. Mentions Mayr, Ernst, 1904-/Systematics and the beginning of species: from the point of view of a zoologist/1942/QH 366 Cronquist, Arthur / The development and categorization of blooming plants/1968/QK 980 Stace, Clive A. , Clive Anthony, 1938-/ Plant taxonomy and biosystematics/1991/QK 990 Stuessy, Tod F / Plant taxonomy: the systematic rating of comparative data/1990/QK 95 Development: a biological and paleontological attack / editor [ for the Course Team ] Peter Skelton/1993/QH 366 hypertext transfer protocol: //wfscnet.tamu.edu/courses/wfsc403/ch_7.htm # 8211 ; Interspecific Competition hypertext transfer protocol: //sevilleta.unm.edu/~lruedas/systmat.html # 8211 ; Phylogenetic Species Concept

Early Care Education Practice in Ireland free essay sample

Earlier in Ireland pre-school did not really exist in Ireland until the 1980s and 1990s. this was largely due to the fact that until quite recently the majority of Irish women did not work outside the home, even if they did childcare was usually provided by family members or child minder’s located in the community and known to the family, the marriage bar meant that women working in the public service had to leave their jobs as soon as they got married and become stay at home mothers and wives. This ban was lifted in 1957 for a primary school teacher, but it was 1973 before the ban was lifted other women in the public service. The ECCE needs of babies, young children, and their families met instead by a board range of community, voluntary and private enterprise. ECCE service provision was unregulated until 1997.When the child care regulations 2006 came into effects, no stipulation as made regarding the qualifications necessary to deliver such service beyond the person having t heir own children, a reference to show appropriate experience in caring for children and an appropriate qualification. We will write a custom essay sample on Early Care Education Practice in Ireland or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One important initiative came from the public sector in 1969, with the opening of a state-run pre-school in Rutland street Dublin. The Department of Education worked with the Van Leer Foundation an organization that promotes the early education of children living in economically disadvantaged areas. Together, thy setup the pre-school in Rutland Street as a template for other, such pre-schools around the country. These pre-schools were also known as Early Star pre-school. A total of 40 pre-school opened nationally. In 1992, Ireland ratified the United Nations Convention on the rights of the child. This helped to bring to public consciousness the right of children. And in 2000, the Department of Health and Children published the National Children’s strategy.This policy set out a ten-year plan for the improvement of children’s lives in Ireland. One of the goals of the National Children’s Strategy children will receive quality support and service to promote all aspects of their development. The policy aims to fulfill this by providing quality childcare service and family-friendly environment measures. There have been many other significant initiatives and decisions in Ireland in recent years to respond to the demand for equality in ECCE in 1989, the national Forum on Early Childhood Education was established. This brought together organizations individuals with an interest in early childhood education. In 1999 the National Voluntary Childcare Collaborative was established. Today the organization comprises seven national non-government agencies

This Is A Paper Over King James I Of England That I Wrote For My Honor

This is a paper over King James I of England that I wrote for my honors english class. I received an A on the the assignment. King James I On June 19, 1566 in Theobalds, Hertfordshire, England, Mary Queen of Scots gave birth to her only child, a boy whom she named James. James' father was Henry Stewart, also known as Lord Darnley. Darnley was killed in an unexplained explosion at his house when James was eight months old. Only seven months later, Mary Queen of Scots had to give up her throne because she was defeated by rebels. Mary left the country and James never saw her again. James took the throne of Scotland when he was only 15 months old and became King James VI of Scotland ("James I" 481). James got most of his culture and education before he was 14 years old. During his early life, the boy king spent most of his time with Scottish lords and his tutors, especially George Buchanan, his favorite tutor ("James I, King of England" 1). He received a superior education and w as known for his great knowledge. He always had a great respect for the Scottish lords that were around him as he grew up ("James I" 481). James enjoyed writing. He wrote and published many poems and translated many long French works. Later in life he also wrote many books on topics such as kingship, theology, withcraft, and tobacco. He also ordered the translation of acient Greek and Hebrew versions of the Bible into English in the Authorized King James Version of the Bible ("James I, King of England" 1). 2 He also enjoyed riding horses and hunting. This may be due to the fact that he was very frail and sometimes needed help walking. When he was on a horse, he was able to function normally. Despite his physical hinderances, King James was regarded as being very confident in his decisions. At the age of 15, James ordered the execution of a man suspected to have been involved with the death of Henry Stewart, James' father ("J ames I" 481). James wanted to follow Queen Elizabeth I of England to the throne so badly that he would have done anything to keep peaceful relations with her. When his mother was beheaded in 1587, he merely made a formal protest and let the incident blow over ("James I, King of England"1). In 1589, James was married with Anne of Denmark, the daughter of Fredrick II of Denmark. They had there first child, Prince Henry, in 1594 ("James I" 481). Prince Henry was an ideal prince and won the love of the people. Following Henry were Princess Elizabeth and Prince Charles. Prince Henry and Princess Elizabeth were both very beautiful children, but Prince Charles was a different story. Charles, like his parents, was a sickly child and had to have help walking when he was young (Chute 260). Apparently James was not very fond of women and never had a mistress ("James I" 481). The only time he ever paid a great deal of attention to his wife was when she converted to Roman Catholicism ("J ames I, King of England" 1). King James was a very giving man. He liked to gain support from people by buying them gifts. In 1605, he spent 2530 pounds at two jewellers (Levi 4). Although he spent a lot of money, he was not very good at budgeting it ("James I" 481). In 1603, King James VI got his wish. As Stanford E. Lehmberg states in the Grolier Electronic Encyclopedia, "Since Elizabeth had no children and there were no other descendants Guy 3 of Henry VIII, the Tudor line was extinguished upon her death. Throughout her reign Elizabeth refused to designate a successor, but it is clear that she expected King James VI of Scotland to follow her. When Elizabeth died on Mar. 24, 1603, James, the son of Mary Queen of Scots, but a Protestant, succeeded without incident as King James I of England" (1). King James I was also the first Stuart king of England. Many people came to see the new king's coronation in London. The town was bus tling with people and

Free MBA Essay Samples

Free MBA Essay SamplesThere are many different types of free MBA essay samples that you can get for free if you are looking to write a good piece of writing. These samples can come in handy if you are working on your MBA admission essays and research papers as well.While some sources of free MBA essay samples are quite good, others tend to be more of the same. You should keep in mind that this is a guide and not a complete guide to writing good essays.The best sources of free MBA essay samples would be the ones that have been written by actual MBA students themselves. If you are writing on your own, this will be a fantastic source of ideas, but you may not have much training to actually do this. However, for people who have the actual credentials of writing the essays, they are often quite useful.The best examples of MBA essay samples are usually very successful in helping MBA students and other professionals hone their writing skills. This is something that many people do not realiz e when they are trying to write essays for admission or are writing a research paper. A lot of these students tend to turn to their friends and family members when they are trying to hone their writing skills and they do not necessarily have the experience or the qualifications to do this.However, the people who are most excellent sources of writing samples are the ones who have had the experience of writing an essay on their own. There are plenty of forums and online forums where students and professionals are able to post their essays as a form of encouragement and support.These essays are used by admissions officers for a variety of different types of exams. It can also be used in research papers. The essays are able to assist both in helping students prepare and in helping students understand what they are studying.It is important to remember that writing and drafting essays is no different than writing other types of documents. It can be more difficult than other forms of writi ng and can take up a lot of time. Therefore, it is essential that you find ways to help yourself.Free MBA essay samples can be a great way to help you in this regard. Take some time to find a few that interest you and read them thoroughly. Then you can start to put your own writing style together and polish it to the point where you have a completed document.

Panera Bread Nonprofit Restaurant

Panera Bread Nonprofit Restaurant Panera Bread is a company that has a chain of caterings all over the USA. The executive chairman of the board, Ron Shaich, has decided to open a nonprofit restaurant in St. Louis that declares â€Å"Take what you need, leave your fair share†.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Panera Bread Nonprofit Restaurant specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The restaurant offers bakery products and customers pay the price they consider appropriate, or, those who cant pay, are able to get food by donating their time. One of the main ideas of this restaurant is to sell day-old baked goods other restaurants of the chain produce (Panera: Pay what you can afford, 2010). Sharing experience is one of the main problems the organization faces. Dwelling upon the main idea of this nonprofit restaurant, it is important to state that it offers people bakery products which are not paid to the cashiers as in usual restaurants. Cashiers offer only the information about their cost and receive credit cards. When people have selected what they want, they are not offered to pay their bill, they are asked to donate. Those who have no money have an opportunity to donate their time, to work in the restaurant. Money donated by the visitors is delivered to different communities which need support. Volunteer work is extremely important as it allows the company not to pay salaries and deliver more money to those who really need it (Horovitz, 2010). Sharing experience and knowledge is considered to be one of the main problems the community of practice faces, and the following steps should be considered to solve it. First of all, the community of practice should identify the goals, objects and the scope of work to do. Considering the case under consideration, it is necessary to identify the organizations in the area which want to have the same practice. According to the number of objects, a group of people should be created which sh ould be aware of the main principles of this kind of business. The volunteers who participated in the restaurant business may be considered as the best candidates. Secondly, it is necessary to create a plan according to which the information is going to be shared. Specific meetings, Internet forums or leaflets with the specific data are the central means of sharing the information among those who are interested in the affair. The managers of the restaurant should always be ready to answer the questions asked by those who are interested in running this kind of business. Panera Bread is not the first company which has decided to run this kind of business, so the information from other companies may be interesting. The Internet is a great opportunity to get it.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The policy of actions in the relation to the sharing of knowledge and exper ience in running donation business is created on the basis of the community of practice. It does not have any financial basis as this organization is nonprofit. The community of practice is â€Å"made up of individuals who are informally bounded to one another through exposure to a similar set of problems and a common pursuit of solutions† (Daft Lane, 2008, p. 216). Keeping in mind this specific definition, it is possible to create a set of nonprofit organizations which are aimed at helping foundations which need specific assistance or financial support. Thus, it may be concluded that Panera Bread nonprofit restaurant based on donations and volunteer work may become a center of the community of practice aimed at helping other companies create the same kind of business in different spheres. Information sharing may be considered as the main problem the company may face, but it is important to remember about the communities which are always ready to help. Reference List Daft, R . L. Lane, P. G. (2008). The leadership experience. Stamford: Cengage Learning. Horovitz, B. (2010, may 18). Non-profit Panera cafe: Take what you need, pay what you can. USA Today. Web. Panera: Pay what you can afford. (2010, May 18). St. Louis Business Journal. Web.

Alcoholic Anonymous

Alcoholic Anonymous has the implication of a fellowship whose membership is composed of both men as well as women sharing a common experience, their potential strength as well as hope amongst themselves, in an anticipation of resolving a problem of recovery or retreat from alcoholism to which they are addicted. To fulfill the requirements for membership into the group, no financial contribution is required since the group is self supporting and sustained through the contributions that they make amongst themselves. The only requirement of a potential member is a history of addiction to alcohol and a strong desire to quit the drinking habit. The fellowship is not part of a particular sect, political group, institution, sect or any organization and avoids any form of involvement in controversial issues as well as the expression of the endorsement or the opposition of any cause. The main objective underlying the existence of the group is to lead a life of soberness as well as making efforts of assistance to other alcoholics interested in a life of soberness (Allen, 2000). It was not until I visited the meeting organized by AA that I discovered the potentials underlying our ability to quit alcoholism. By visiting club 24 which accommodates around 400 members with sits arranged strategically to face the story teller, the first sign of welcome is coffee as well as several other snacks meant for self service, as one reads the posters displayed on the wall advocating against smoking, vanity language as well as a highlight of the 12 steps that are essential to follow in the process of quitting alcoholism. The atmosphere outside is even more encouraging to meet the purposes of the meeting since there is a presence of a residential house for a family, a shopping centre, a school of an elementary level beautiful streets with buses of MBTA in operation, all serving the purpose of planting a negative altitude towards drinking especially after attending the meeting, since there is no bar around Initially there is a sense of nervousness anxiety and lack of confidence as one thinks that the alcoholic weaknesses inherent in a new member are noticeable, but with the progress in the meeting a sense of self confidence is cultivated. The entire group is very cohesive and ready to cooperate in sharing ideas about past experience in alcoholism. From the knowledge gained, redemption from alcoholism requires psychological curative measures. Most of the members had dented faces that indicate the agony underwent in their previous drinking habits to which they regret. In the group every member is a contributor of ideas and there is no bigger person than the other. For the purpose of comprehensive circulation of ideas members are organized in subgroups whose contribution is later shared among the entire group. The group meetings usually precede the entire meeting by the whole group.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The highly noticeable issues in the meeting were the effects of alcoholism addiction including depression , degradation of the self worth of the individual, thinking as well as attempting to commit suicide   interdiction from the workplace leading to a breakdown of the family loss of family members through road accidents resulting from drunk driving, incidences of divorce as well as custodial sentences due to acts committed under the influence of alcohol, among many other undesirable actions as well as incidences. The importance of the existence of the fellowship and the main of the meetings that are held is for the purposes of ending the stigma that an individual is a real alcoholic and the mental as well as the body resemblance to other individuals. This situation is the basis of a drinking career bearing the characteristics of countless attempts but all in vain aimed at the justification of our potential drinking ability that is similar to that of others. For each existing abnormal drinker, there exists a great obsession idea about a day in the future that a control of the drinking habit will be achieved to the capacity of enjoying drinking (Johnson Chappel, 2004).   The meetings are responsible for the full concession of the fact of alcoholism as well as addiction to the deepest self of the individual as an important and primary step towards the process of recovery. At the same time the individual learns about the difference that is in existence in relation to other people. All the alcoholics, both men as well as women usually their potential ability for the control of the drinking behavior and majority of the real alcoholics seldom recover the actual control. The alcoholics at times develop a feeling that recovery is on their way, and a sense of control has been regained. However this situation are usually brief intervals that are latter followed by much less degree of control, a situation that makes the individual to express a sense of pity upon oneself as well as being demoralized to an incomprehensible degree. This leads to the notion that alcoholism status may progressively lead to the illness of the individual. The situation progresses towards the worse and never retreats to better (Bell, Montoya Dayton, 2006). Alcoholics resembles men whose legs have been chopped of which regrowth is an impossibility, just as a particular kind of treatment is never forthcoming. The experimental treatment though to reverse alcoholics and make them resemble the ordinally man with regard to the available approaches have not been fruitful. Some of the remedies that are imagined to work has brought temporary recovery that is later overtaken by a worse relapse. It is the belief of the expert physicians that the addicted alcoholics cannot find a way out of the addiction irrespective of whatever kind of a physical treatment. It is only science that is thought to posses the potential for this liberation although no step has so far been made towards the achievement of the objective (Johnson Chappel, 2004). The unfortunate thing about the deep alcoholics is their tendency to deny that they are actually deeply sunk in this class, and only makes the efforts of exempting themselves through self deception as well as experimentation and therefore labeling themselves non- alcoholic. If for heavenly sake an addicted alcoholic can adopt the right way of drinking in a gentleman way, the blame would be off the individual. For the purpose of the redemption from alcoholism, addicted alcoholics experiment on a variety of techniques. The commonly practiced ones include; drinking one brand of beer only, consumption of limited amount of drink, drinking in a company, avoiding early drinking, restricting drinking at home, absence of a drink inside the house, abstinence of drinking during the hours of active business, drinking only for the reason of an occasion, consumption of natural wine only, among so many others Conclusion It was evident from the facts arising in the meeting that majority of the alcoholics have suffers depression leading to attempts of suicide. Others had to use other drugs such as cocaine while others financed heavily some programs aimed at redemption from addiction. The successful redemption from this condition is a result of self worth as well as self esteem the contribution of AA is of immense to the society for its role in the act of cleansing the people who have lost they worth and esteem, a condition that may lead to the death of the individual. The families that were torn apart due to alcoholism cherish the contribution of AA for the restoration of glory in their homes. The contribution of AA reveals the medical as well as the non medical cure for alcoholism. References Allen, J. P. (2000). Measurement of the treatment process in Alcoholics   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Anonymous.   Stanford:   Stanford Univ. Press. Bell, C., Montoya, I. D., Dayton, C. A. (2006). The motivation towards treatment   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   of drug abuse. CA: Mt. View Press. Johnson, N. P., Chappel, J. N. (2004). Using Alcoholic Anonymous more   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   effectively. New York: Prager Publishers